Submissions Update!

Good news, folks! We think all submissions from May 1-7 have now been read and rated. Watch your inboxes sometime today or tomorrow for those to be returned!

And join us next week for an interview with one (possibly two) RYS users who have gotten agent or editor contracts recently. It's always exciting to hear those success stories.

Thanks for your patience and look forward to earring from us soon!

Best,
RYS

BIG NEWS!

Happy Wednesday!

You've probably been wondering. . .where's Miranda?

Well, she's been busy preparing a final exam for her high school students (who have 10 days left of school.).

AND. . .

She's been downstairs in her secret laboratory mixing up a super-secret-super-potent-awesome-tasting-magical concoction to help other people learn how to revise their picture book manuscripts so that they scream to editors, "I'm a super-stellar writer!"

Well, the secret's out!  Soon, The Picture Book Academy be doling out vials of launching an e-course called THE GRAMMAR GROOVE.

Mwah! Ha! Ha! Ha!

Miranda Paul's secret ingredient to making grammar fun? Silliness, sprinkled on top of hot-cross puns.

Learning grammar for professional writing is hard, tedious, and overwhelming. OR at least it HAS BEEN in the past. . .

Miranda Paul and Mira Reisberg have created a course (launching soon!) that teaches children's authors what they really need to know about grammar and style, and what they can sort of skip over (don't tell the editors she said that!). With Miranda’s expertise as an English teacher and picture book author, combined with her hilarious “voice,” and Mira’s expertise in pedagogy, course creation, and children’s literature, this course is a “must have” for anyone who ever wonders where to put that comma, quote, apostrophe, em dash, etc. If you struggle with English or have gotten SPAG issue comments on a manuscript (or your manuscripts continue to get form rejections or no response), this may be the workshop for you.

BUT. . .other than creating an awesome course that will help you get your SPAG issues out of your picture book manuscript (no matter how you submit it—electronically or via printed copy), Miranda's got one other piece of BIG NEWS:

RATE YOUR STORY IS OPEN TO SUBMISSIONS AGAIN!

YAYAYAYAYAYAYAYAA!

However, please note—Because of the overwhelming popularity of our free critique rating service and the number of manuscripts we receive (which put a heavy demand on our volunteers at times), we will be creating a "monthly window" for submissions. 

Beginning this month (May 2013), we will be open for submissions during the first seven days of each month only. Submissions received between 12:01 a.m. Central Time on the first day of the month and 11:59 p.m. Central Time on the 7th of each month will be read and rated for free. We will be closed during all other times of the month. 

If this helps us keep our inbox at a level we can handle, we'll look at modifying it. But, for the rest of the summer and into the fall, we're going to try this schedule. Thanks for understanding, and we look forward to getting your MSS!

By Julie Rowan-Zoch

SUBMISSIONS WANTED! An interview with Editor Kathy Rygg from knowonder!

Happy Wednesday, indeed!

Today, I'll get straight to the point after just one piece of business:

Rate Your Story has received a huge influx of submissions in the last 10 days. We're running a bit behind, and so Rate Your Story closing to submissions for now.

But, when one door closes, another opens:

We've got a guest editor on the blog who is actively seeking submissions!

Please welcome editor Kathy Rygg!

Kathy Sattem Rygg is a children’s book author and Editor-in-Chief of the children’s publication knowonder! (www.knowonder.com). She earned her degree in magazine journalism from Iowa State University and worked for several Fortune 500 companies, including McGraw-Hill’s business publication division in New York City. She was also the Editor-in-Chief of Women’s Edition magazine in Denver, CO. She currently lives in Omaha, NE, with her husband and two children.

Miranda Paul: Thanks for taking time out of your busy editorial schedule to pop in and tell us more about knowonder! and your latest call for submissions. Can you tell us more about the knowonder! story?

Kathy Rygg: Knowonder! began as a publisher of daily short stories for kids as a way to promote reading at home. We have been through a lot of changes as we try to compete in the publishing market, but our core belief that daily reading content is necessary to drive literacy remains our mission and purpose. We are currently expanding our product offering. In addition to our short story collections we will include reading content that promotes literacy for infants as well as chapter books for beginning readers (grade 1-3). You can download a free copy of one of our short story collections: http://www.knowonder.com/register/.

Miranda Paul: I've noticed that knowonder! has one of the most lengthy and detailed submission guidelines out there. I, personally, find detailed submission guidelines to be helpful. Why do you provide such detailed guidelines for writers? Do you think it helps you receive a higher percentage of appropriate submissions? Which submission guideline is most often ignored?

Kathy Rygg: Knowonder’s! literacy program is unique. We focus on read-aloud short stories because they are proven to improve listening skills, concentration, and vocabulary in children beginning at a very early age. Read aloud stories need to be exciting with lots of literary devices such as alliteration, crisp vocabulary, and effortless dialogue. The guidelines help drive our decisions for acceptance. 

When a child enjoys hearing a story, it encourages him/her to want to read on their own. So our short story collections are a great step-up resource to chapter books. This is why we are adding chapter books to our reading content, so that as soon as a child is ready to step up to the next level, we have reading content for them. Knowonder! wants to grow with our audience.

In addition to content guidelines, we obviously have format guidelines. These make it easier to edit and upload stories into the various programs we use for the finished digital and print publications. Unfortunately, many submissions don’t follow the format guidelines, which adds time to the editing process. So it is important to follow the formatting. 

Miranda Paul: About how many submissions do you receive in a month?

Kathy Rygg: For short stories we receive about 150-200 submissions a month, and our editorial team reads every single one. We will do the same for our chapter book submissions.

Miranda Paul: Let's get to the heart of what we do here at Rate Your Story—help authors avoid rejection. In your opinion, what are three things that might get a manuscript rejected pretty quickly?

Kathy Rygg: If the story starts out too slow—we should know the premise in the first couple of paragraphs. Remember, kids have short attention spans. We also want the main character to be a child (or animal), not usually an adult (unless the child or animal is working with an adult). Third, the main character has to solve a problem—that is at the core of every good story.

Miranda Paul: Great advice. Also at the core of what we do is help writers get acceptances. So. . .What are three things that help a manuscript get an acceptance from knowonder!?

Kathy Rygg: Imagination goes a long way. We like creative, fun concepts because we know kids like them too. We also want the story to have action. The characters need to do a lot of things—kids are busy bodies! Third, I love a good last line. Something witty, funny, or a way to tie back to the beginning of the story.

Miranda Paul: Thanks. Now, even more specifically—What kinds of stories are your favorite to publish?

Kathy Rygg: I like writing stories with some humor in them and I love reading humorous stories too. I want to see kids smile and laugh while they read. Or hear them simply say, “that’s cool.” 

Miranda Paul: What is knowonder! looking to publish right now? 

Kathy Rygg: We are actively seeking children’s chapter book submissions for kids ages 7-9. We are looking for the same type of exciting, adventure-filled stories that we do with our short stories, but we want these to be 10,000-15,000 words in length. Here is the link to our submissions page: https://knowonder.submittable.com/submit

Miranda Paul: Thanks for that specific info. Can you also tell us what knowonder! ISN'T looking for right now?

Kathy Rygg: We are currently closed to short story submissions, but will reopen later in the year. Authors can subscribe to our email author notification at this link: http://www.knowonder.com/submit-2/.  

Miranda Paul: Some of our readers may not be familiar with knowonder! yet. In terms of traditional vs. self-publishing vs. independent vs. digital vs. flat-fee vs. all kinds of new-age publishing options, where does knowonder! fit? 

Kathy Rygg: Knowonder! is a hybrid—for short stories we pay either $25 (for stories 500-999 words) or $50 (for stories 1000 words and up). For chapter books, we have a royalty sharing program that will be competitive with industry standards. Our short story collections are available as digital and print formats (through Amazon) and our chapter books will be available in both formats as well.

Miranda Paul: What sorts of authors do you look to publish, and what is their role in the process?

Kathy Rygg: We publish both new and seasoned authors. However, we absolutely want authors who can market their own work. Nobody can do this alone, and the more we can help each other network and promote, the better off everyone will be.

We also want to work with authors who aren’t afraid of revision. We often ask for revisions of short stories and try to provide direction. That will be even more important with chapter books. 

Miranda Paul: From an editor's point of view, what is one thing you'd like to share with authors that they may not know about your job or this industry?

Kathy Rygg: I’m an author too! I’m constantly working on my craft, I have a critique group, and my work has been declined plenty of times. It makes turning down stories really difficult because I know how hard authors have worked on them. The children’s writing market is really competitive, and every publication is looking for something slightly different. Don’t give up—keep working on your stories and submitting them multiple places. 

Miranda Paul: I didn't know you wrote as well! How great to have an editor who knows the flipside of the submission game.

Kathy Rygg: I also want authors to know that I’m completely approachable—the entire knowonder! team is, in fact. If you have a question about something before you submit, just shoot me an email: Kathy@knowonder.com. I try to be very prompt in responding!

Miranda Paul: Ok, then! Since you're approachable, here come the "fun" questions. What was your favorite book as a child?

Kathy Rygg: My favorite book was The Borrowers by Mary Norton. I loved the creativity behind the premise that little people lived in the walls of houses borrowing things. I was thrilled when the book was made into an animated movie and I took my kids to see the live stage production of it a year ago. To this day, whenever I misplace something, I always say “The Borrowers must have taken it!”

Miranda Paul: If you were stranded on a desert island with only two knowonder! stories, which ones would they be?

Kathy Rygg: The first would be “Kabungo” by our staff writer Rolli that appears in our Volume 2 collection of short stories. He has written several Kabungo stories, and I have fallen in love with this crazy cave-girl. The adventures she goes on are fun and laugh-out-loud humorous. 

The second story would be “Just Plain Sarah Jane” by Nancy Julien Kopp that is in our Volume 3 collection. It’s a quieter story, but it’s well written with a wonderful, unexpected feel-good ending. It’s a nice reminder that good things do happen. 

Miranda Paul: Next crazy question is. . .Where are the wild things?

Kathy Rygg: They are living under my roof and they are ages 6 & 9!

Miranda Paul: [for the record, I told Kathy to make up any question she wanted and then answer it.]

Kathy Rygg: What do you like best about living in Omaha, Nebraska?

I was born and raised here, but I didn’t appreciate it fully until I moved away. My husband and I came back to be near family, and it’s the best decision we ever made! Omaha is a great city—it’s right in the middle of the Midwest, people are friendly, and we truly have the best beef in the country! We actually have more restaurants per capita than any other city in the U.S. And since we don’t have an NFL team, we do go a little crazy for our Husker football, but it’s worth it!

Miranda Paul: Thank you so much, Kathy, for visiting! Rate Your Story really appreciates your time to let us know a little more about knowonder! and what your house is looking to publish. I know many of our readers are actively working on chapter books and stories for your audience. I'll remind them of that submissions link at https://knowonder.submittable.com/submit

Have a great rest of the week, everyone! Comments are open.

What Does the Slush Pile Look Like? Part 2

Happy Wednesday!

Last week, I did some analytics on the Rate Your Story slush pile. (In case you missed that post, click here.)

I also made an offer, and got 14 responses, many of which went to SPAM mail. (Another reason why you should always politely follow up with agents and/or editors).

If you remember from last week, my offer was good to the first 15 respondents.  That means there's one spot left for a critique from Miranda!! Who will be the lucky one to contact me first? You, I hope! Email Miranda if you'd like in on the offer.

But now, to today's post, I'd like to share a little more of what the slush pile looks like.

Rated 8-10 – approx. 10%

Rated a 5-7 – approx. 40%

Rated a 3-4 – approx. 29%

Rated a 2 - approx. 12%

Rated a 1 – approx. 2%

No Rating or Uncertain Rating: 7%

(P.S. Miranda tried very hard to make this a pretty chart/graphic in her new spreadsheet program, but gave up after 30 minutes. She cites the early morning hour as her downfall on this one.)

Now, let's remember a little bit about what the rating scale means:

1= a volunteer judge saw it as completely submission ready. That means that among nearly 800 manuscripts, our judges were ecstatic about exactly 15. If our judges were editors, that would probably translate to a "read-on-Wednesday, make-an-offer-by-Friday" sort of response.

5 = a volunteer judge saw it as better than average, but still needing work.

7 = a volunteer judge decided that your overall idea had merit (so don't throw it out!) but the MS needed a lot of revision.

10 = a volunteer judge decided that the current MS should be considered as practice and you'll need to re-envision a completely new story or concept.

Now that I've said that, remember:

Our volunteer judges, like agents and editors, are SUBJECTIVE. 

You could submit the exact same manuscript twice to Rate Your Story and get two different ratings. I've had particular volunteer judges pass on rating manuscripts because they had a fear of the subject matter or had just read three other manuscripts about talking dogs, farm animals, etc. Don't take ratings from RYS personal. We're doing our best to help you (for free), and give you a dose of what's really out there.

Now, if you've scored a 5 or higher on any MS, go do a dance like this: 

Or this:

Your work is already better than average. It stands out. It's probably being read in its entirety if you're actively submitting it. Use that to fuel you during the revision process and get it from the "good" pile to the "GREAT" pile.

But dancing isn't just for 5s and better. If you've scored a 7 or higher on any MS, go do a dance, like this:

Your work has merit! There is hope! DO NOT THROW IT AWAY. All is not lost, and you've got some direction to help that story find its way into print. Listen carefully to feedback, but save something from the original. Play around with the manuscript. You can always revert back to an older draft. Who knows what you'll find when you revise.

And if you've scored an 8, 9, or 10 on a MS, you also must do a dance, like this:

You've successfully avoided a possible rejection! Hooray! You've been given a chance to re-envision your story before it was too late, and gotten a fresh and professional eye to give you direction on making stronger choices.

Since many editors and agents have a "no means no forever" policy, you often only get one shot in today's tough market. Our service has helped offer you insight on whether or not your MS is ready for that one shot. We're that friend holding your finger back from (or pushing it towards) the send button.

And, when you get those offers, we're here, dancing with you!

(Oddly, this is what Miranda and the RYS crew really look like when we dance. . .)

Have a great day! 

(P.S. Miranda's really already dancing because we got great news from an RYS submitter this week. Plus she's so excited for what's up next week, she might even post it early. . .)

What Does the Slush Pile Look Like? (And a VERY special offer from Miranda)

Art by Julie Rowan-Zoch

It's Wednesday!

This Wednesday, I wanted to harken back to why I (Miranda) originally founded this site and the service it provides. As a writer myself, trying to break into what has been considered the toughest picture book market in decades, I felt lost when I began the process.

I sought out the answers—but, alas, much of what I found either conflicted or it was somehow "insider" information that published authors couldn't divulge. What I most wanted a peek at was the curious thing known as a slush pile, and how my manuscripts stood up against the rest of the slush.

I wondered what you all may be wondering—is my manuscript good enough to get noticed out of the hundreds and thousands of unsolicited manuscripts sent to a particular editor? How good does it have to be to get an offer? A revision request? Can my story grab attention even in such a subjective business? Am I really as "tough" as I thought or am I a total baby when it comes to rejection and criticism?

All of these reasons, plus the fact that my critique group at the time was made up of all unpublished authors, made me crave the advice of a professional. But since I attended conferences only once or twice a year, my access to professional manuscripts was pretty limited. I knew, however, that the feedback I'd gotten from editors and published authors was really sound advice. (I also knew that at the time I couldn't pay $350 per story draft for an industry giant to look at the 28 picture books I wrote during Picture Book Month.)

So, Rate Your Story was born, mostly within the span of a few weeks. My husband thought I was crazy and another editor warned me that "I have opened the floodgates."

Last year, I shared a bit of what I learned about the slush pile. (Read that post here.)

Last month, a RYS reader emailed to ask what percentage of MSS get a 1, 2, 3...etc. rating? I told her I had no idea.

Last night, however, I tallied the statistics for he last 750 manuscripts submitted to RYS.

I realize you're probably all dying to know. How many people get 1s? How many get 10s? Where does my MSS fall?

Rest assured, I'll be working on some data analysis for you and will share in the upcoming months.  You will want to stay tuned.

However, what I learned last night about the slush pile was very eye-opening.

There are more "good" manuscripts than "bad" ones.
The competition is high.
The standard is very high.
A 3 or a 4 is an awesome rating, but because there are so many "good, but not awesome" MSS on the pile, that type of MS probably won't be loved enough to get an offer or contract.

I also learned that there are several manuscripts that really excel in one area (e.g. plot, character, setting) but really lack in other areas (format, spelling/grammar, unsatisfying ending). More than 54 manuscripts of the 750 didn't get a solid rating because of this inconsistency, and judges were on the fence, unable to pin down an actual number rating.

If there is one nugget you can take from this early data, it's that there are a LOT of "almost" or "good, but not good enough" manuscripts on the slush.

I think when I started out submitting, many of my manuscripts would have been 3s or 4s. (At least I hope.) I've learned over the years how to turn a 3 or 4 manuscript into a 1. The self-editing skills I've learned through professional critiques and a mentorship have been invaluable.

I'd like to share those tips with you through one-on-one critiques.

SPECIAL OFFER FOR RYS SUBMITTERS ONLY:
So—RYS submitters: If you've received a 3 or a 4 on a manuscript, and want a full, professional critique, I'm offering my professional services throughout March and April for $30 (score 3) and $40 (score 4) to the first fifteen writers to request a critique. (Typically, I charge $85, so that's a big bonus savings!)

This offer is only for RYS submitters, and only for MSS previously submitted to RYS that received a rating of 3 or 4, and only through April 30 or for the first 15 manuscripts. Please contact me (mirandapaulbooks at gmail dot com) for more info.

UPDATE!!! All 15 critique spots have now been filled. If you missed out, there may be opportunities again in the near future, so keep checking back!

Have a great day!

Huddle Up: Critique Group Strategy by Marcie Atkins

Artwork Courtesy of Julie Rowan-Zoch

It's Wednesday! 

(Warning: A little long-winded again this week, but there are lots of photos that animate the text nicely.)

Recently, I (Miranda) took over as the area coordinator for my local SCBWI group. The first workshop I organized and hosted, a picture book workshop with the awesome Lisa Moser, went fantastically.

Miranda Paul (right) and SCBWI mentor/friend, Lisa Moser (left). 

But I can't take all of the credit. This event wouldn't have been such a success without the teamwork of my local critique group. I love these ladies. Our little group has been together (officially) for three years, and although we've been through ups and downs, we still get together on occasion at a local cafe or for a private cabin weekend retreat, and we read, write, critique, revise, repeat. The group energizes me, and I have come to really trust their feedback.

Aspiring writers age 10 and up registered for a morning of re-envisioning!

Anyway, our team efforts have paid off. Many of us have been offered contracts, released books, published magazine articles, or won awards in those three years. Most importantly, we've made lasting friendships, we've celebrated good news, and we've commiserated our rejections together.

Over the years, I've also been in several online critique groups. Rate Your Story Judge Terrie Hope helped me back in 2010 when I joined my first online critique group and met some of my first writer friends (such as Kelly Hashway, Anne E. Johnson, and Katrina DeLallo) on forums. By the way—Terrie's site, Critique Cafe, is definitely worth checking out if you don't have a local SCBWI chapter that can connect you with local writers in your genre. I was once in a critique group with RYS Judge, writer and editor Ella Kennen, too. And Rate Your Story Judge Mira Reisberg helps organize them through her Picture Book Academy courses.

Are you looking for critique partners? Is your current group fizzling or not working well? Do you find yourself switching groups or trying to maintain multiple groups?

Maybe it's time to re-think the focus of the group and each member's expectations. Just how do all of those successful writers get to that point of saying their critique partners are their best friends, or that they've been together for over a decade?

"Teamwork," says today's guest poster.  Let's hear more! Please welcome...

MARCIE FLINCHUM ATKINS!

Marcie Flinchum Atkins thinks football is a white and black ball you kick around on a field, since she grew up overseas. However, she has a few friends that are huge fans of American football that keep trying to convert her. She is a member of three critique groups who are awesome team players, but are willing to give a little tough love when it’s needed. Marcie has an M.A. and M.F.A. in children’s literature from Hollins University and writes for children and teens. 

Huddle Up: How Critique Groups Can Offer So Much More Than Critiques

By Marcie Flinchum Atkins

When a football team huddles, they talk about the next play, then execute it on the field. In a critique group, you get together, discuss what is working and what’s not, then head out to do the tough work of writing, rewriting, and submitting. The goal is a touchdown, but there are always some bumps along the way. That’s where a critique group can help you during the writing game with much more than critiques. 

Photo courtesy of Shannon Edwards

Cheerleaders

Cheerleaders are essential in a critique group. When someone is struggling, it’s our job to be there to cheer him or her on. To tell them to keep going when it’s tough. To be in their corner with unabashed enthusiasm. And when one of our members gets a touchdown--an agent, a book contract, a book launch--we can cheer louder than their other friends because we know how hard it was to get there. 

You can cheer face to face, but it’s often needed when you’re not together. Share news and encouragement via e-mail as it is happening in your lives—the good, the bad, the hopeful. If you are an online group, then all of your cheering is done via e-mail. And I have been known to jump around my office when I get a “touchdown” e-mail from a writing friend. 

Referee 

Referees in your critique group sounds negative. But referees are the ones who know the rulebook. Having experienced writers in your group who’ve already gone out on submission, succeeded on the publication path, and are familiar with the do’s and don’ts of the business are good people to have in your corner. The advantage is that, unlike a referee, they can guide you BEFORE you make a wrong move. And they are on your side. 

I’m not talking about blowing the whistle and getting other members riled up either. Imagine referees as the people who have “been there, done that.” They have knowledge that comes from experience. The ever-changing world of publishing can be difficult to wade through, and having friends who know it first-hand can be a relief. 

Coach

A coach’s job is to lead and direct but also to be in the players’ corner. Our critique group members sometimes need to be our writing coaches. Is this manuscript working or not working? They can be there to offer the tough love that we sometimes don’t want, but often need. 

A critique group member once told me that my manuscript was just not working. After a few days of pouting, I realized she was right. 

I fumbled. I executed the play badly, but that didn’t make me a bad writer. A football player who fumbles the ball isn’t a bad player for life. He made a bad play. Sometimes it takes a little coaching and a little tough love on the part of our critique group members to tell us what we really need to hear.  

Players know that the coach is in their corner, but sometimes the coach has to be the one to say, “Let’s try something different.” 

Team Players

But what if a group member doesn’t want to take a critique from the team? Kristen Lamb talks about these kind of people and how frustrating this can be (http://warriorwriters.wordpress.com/2013/03/07/enemies-of-the-art-part-10-having-a-thin-skin/). This is tough. Each group has its own dynamic, and trust takes time to build. 

I trust my critique groups immensely. They can say things to me, and I will listen and consider them. They can be more upfront with me now than in the past because our trust has grown. They are on my team, and I know that. Just as it takes time to build a team, it takes time to build trust in a critique group. 

Hopefully, in the end, you will huddle up, share a few words of encouragement, then send each other back out to the game of writing. 

A few members of one of Marcie's critique groups at a local coffee shop where we "huddle up." 

You can learn more about Marcie Flinchum Atkins and find more posts about writing at her blog: http://www.marcieatkins.com/blog

Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/marcieaf

Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/MarcieFlinchumAtkins

Comments are open! Thanks for stopping by!

The Importance of Motivation - Writer Wednesday with Stephanie Dror

Artwork by Julie Rowan-Zoch

It's Wednesday!

I'll first warn you that today's post is a little long. But it's timely and well-written. So bear with me.

Today, in case you haven't heard, is World Read Aloud Day. Authors, teachers, and children around the globe are promoting literacy as a fundamental human right. 

Last year, I (Miranda) was in West Africa on this day, helping build libraries in rural communities that scarcely had access to books. And years before that, one of the best experiences of my life was reading The Giver aloud to my students in Farato, Gambia. It is my favorite book and I know it touched their lives.

Miranda's literature students in Farato, Gambia

Today's guest post brings up an important point for any of us wishing to write layered stories—fantasies, dystopian, science fiction, or even historical fiction. She shows us how becoming an active reader, and studying a book in-depth can teach us how to become more detailed writers, and understand our characters' motivations. 

Are we willing to put in the amount of time and effort into studying the craft in order to make our books as great as Lois Lowry's The Giver?

I hope you'll earmark a little extra time today to consider that thought, and read this awesome article by:

Stephanie Dror

Stephanie is a Master's of Children's Literature candidate at the University of British Columbia, with a special interest in young adult dystopian novels. She has written and presented papers on the greening of children's literature, the gaming of children's literature, and believable secondary worlds. Her most recent project was organizing and hosting the Sendak Symposium: A celebration of Maurice Sendak and his lasting influence on children's literature (let the Wild Rumpus continue!). She is a lover of books, libraries, guitar music, cats, and the apocalypse, and looks forward to finishing her thesis and finding her way into writing and publishing. Stephanie also holds an Honours Bachelor of Arts in English from York University.

The Importance of Motivation: Why the Giver sent Jonas to his doom
By Stephanie Dror 
 
I sat down and read Lois Lowry's Newberry award winning The Giver for about the tenth time a couple of weeks ago. It is a classic dystopian favourite of mine that I often revisit because of its elegance, depth and creativity (if you haven't read it, do!). Lowry herself has said that she would never write a story without hope, but every time I read it I am left wondering, if The Giver really has any. This time, after recently reading The Hunger Games and The Chaos Walking series' I was really looking at the figures of authority and it dawned on me: what if the Giver really sent Jonas to his doom on purpose? When I proposed this to my creative writing class and I was met with general resistance - he's such a sweet old man! but of course Jonas survives! the community obviously embraces the change!

I just don't see it as being that simple. So, naturally, I began to seek out how I could prove my point. What I found, and what I will share with you, is a tool that will help, not only to deconstruct beloved stories, but to aid in the creation of them. 

Abraham Maslow was a humanist psychologist. Humanists mainly focus on the potential of human beings: how people can meet that potential and why most of them don't. Maslow proposed a  hierarchy of needs as a motivational theory, which is his explanation for why we behave the way we do. Since the inception of this theory levels have been added to it and some changes have been made, but I'm going to keep it simple and focus on the original.

 Maslow argued that there is a hierarchy of needs, and when our needs aren't being met we are motivated, or put into action, to succeed and attain our missing need. 

    First are the physiological needs. The basics. Stuff we don't even think about and often take for granted, and food and water which our lives revolve practically revolve around. Once you are fed (to a satisfactory degree) you begin to worry about safety.  You look for shelter, gather resources, and seek to maintain the safety of yourself and immediate family; you feel safest when you are with them. This pours nicely into the next level – love and belonging. Now you start to look for a love relationship and for friends, community, a sense of belonging beyond the household. In the community of The Giver these needs are, or should be, 100% satisfied: "No one in the community was starving, had ever been starving, would ever be starving. To say "starving" was to speak a lie" (Lowry 70).

Once these three 'lower order' needs are satisfied you become involved in esteem, which is the fourth level. Esteem is a higher order need, a cognitive need. One part is reputation - or what other people think of you, or really, what you think other people think of you. In The Giver, much like our own society, no one wants to be different or stand out. It is rude to point out difference and shame is felt when Jonas feels he has acted outside of the 'norm'. The second part of esteem is self-respect, or what we think of ourselves and our internal environment or esteem. The citizens of the community are taught to feel good about themselves when they are productive and follow the rules. The simple sharing of feelings is supposed to lead to a feeling of ease within oneself, an example of how esteem is built in the community. 

Finally, we come to the top of the pyramid, to self-actualization. To find and do the one thing that inspires you the most, that triggers the creative or cognitive drive in you to problem solve, learn or create (it depends on the person. I strive to learn and am always looking for the next piece of trivia to devour). 

Self-actualization is finding and being able to actually do what you really want to do. For the members of The Giver community it is to become a productive member of society - to work for the greater good. 

But as writers and readers of fiction, keep in mind that the levels of the hierarchy are not fixed and can be played around with. Edward Cullen of the Twilight series, for instance, has an incredibly strong love/belonging level which is more important to him than even his most basic physiological needs. Is this believable? Draw a little triangle for yourself and chart the world of your story into it. Hopefully you will be inspired and forced to delve deeper into your world construction and justify why and how the world is the way it is. For the community of The Giver all of Maslow's needs should be 100% satisfied for all of its citizens, and Lowry goes through 50 pages of exposition to describe how the community works:  no one starves because of food crop efficiency, which meant controlling the weather, taking out environmental features like hills, which resulted in a lack of colour and a general sameness. Then of course, the complication, the motivation begins when the Giver begins giving and Jonas begins receiving not only memory, but knowledge.  

It is this very knowledge that drives the Giver to send Jonas off to his doom. The Giver, while being very honoured, does not have any power or any real use within the community. He knows how to make the community better but he is unheeded; he is not self-actualizing. The citizens don't think of him or need him. 

He is certainly different because of his job and he is frustrated with the ignorance of the community citizens, so his esteem is also denied. He lives alone because he is older than all of his cohorts and his wife has already been “released”, leaving him with only Jonas as company. He knows that once his job is complete he will be released, and he knows that release is only death, so his safety and basic physiological needs are threatened as well. In order to take back the reigns of his own life he must send Jonas away so that memories are released into the community. In his mind he will then be assisting the community as the most useful and revered member of it, achieving not only self-actualization but esteem, a sense of belonging and utility and of course, saving himself (and the community) from release. 

This is a fun illustration of how Maslow's hierarchy can be used not only as a deconstructive tool but also a constructive one. How does your character fit into the hierarchy of needs of your world? What will they do to achieve the next need? I think this is a useful and thought-provoking exercise for writers and readers alike. 

I hope you enjoyed!
Thank you,
Stephanie Dror


Works Cited
Lowry, Lois. The Giver. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993. Print.
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper and Row.
Maslow, A. H. (1962). Towards a Psychology of Being. Princeton: D. Van Nostrand Company.
Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a Psychology of Being. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company.
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and Personality. Harper & Row: New York.